About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2020 Archive
| Number 1 |
Title: Salt-water Interference on Swamp Rice-growing Fields in Lower River Region of the Gambia and Rice Farmers Awareness and Swift Responses Author: Tidat Dogbeye Gah & Wena Hoglo Mitey Abstract: ... Saline-water intrusion is a growing problem for sustaining agricultural productivity along River Gambia as results of sea-level rise. On this concern, the study attempts to examine farmers’ knowledge and adaptive responses to saline-water intrusion on the rice-growing areas of Lower River Region (LRR) of The Gambia. Five villages practicing swamp rice farming along River Gambia were randomly selected in each of four randomly selected districts across the Region. Data were collected via semi-structured interview questionnaire from 240 farmer household heads and through 20 focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics in SPSS Software Version 23 were, therefore, used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents. Results revealed that 96% of farmers are aware of saline-water intrusion in the region, while 77.5% believed that there is an increasing trend of salinity over the last five years, which impacts their yields. Most farmers (>85%) believed that saline-water intrusion reduced both their yields and incomes. In term of adaptive responses, the major on-farm strategies included changing the planting date (59.60%), increased use of fertilizers and seeds (56.30%), intensive manure application (55.20%), and use of early maturing varieties (35.50%). The major off-farm strategies employed included use of weather forecast (18.60%), change from crop production to animal rearing (7.70%) and to marketing of agricultural products (7.70%). Challenges faced by farmers in adapting to saline-water included among others poor access to adaptation information, low extension services and limited access to improved crop varieties. The study recommends to Government and stakeholders to establish mechanisms to strengthen and enhance the quality of saline-water intrusion adaptation and information dissemination in the study area using farmers’ preferred sources of information. Also, stakeholders and Government have to provide saline-tolerant rice cultivars to farmers and intensify the construction of soil and water conservation structures (anti-salt dikes and spillways) as well as training on livelihood diversification activities for farmers in the area. Keywords: Adaptive Response, Climate change, Knowledge, River Gambia, Saline-water intrusion Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Review of the Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on Hydrological Processes Author: Herba Unretu, Yessse Jerhu & Tidachew Cabelit Abstract: ... Land use and climate changes have become prominent drivers of changes in hydrologic responses. Understanding impacts of land use and climate changes on hydrology is vital for water resources management. Many studies have used computer models to examine the linkages and interactions between land use, climate and hydrologic responses. The objective of this paper is to summarize these studies and provide critical review of limitations of the methodologies. Approaches used to analyze the impacts of land use and climate changes on hydrologic responses can be grouped as (i) the impacts of climate changes, (ii) the impacts of land use changes, and (iii) the combined and separate impacts of land use and climate changes. Findings of this review include (i) the combined effects of land use and climate changes are different from the separate impacts, (ii) effects of land use and climate changes on hydrologic responses vary from basin to basin depending on the basin’s physical characteristics, climate condition, and the scope of climate change and land use change. These findings imply that basin specific impact analysis using integrated modeling approach that examines the combined effects of land use and climate changes is decisive for planning and management of water resources. Keywords: land use change; climate change; integrated watershed modeling; combined and separate impacts; hydrologic impacts of land use change; hydrologic impacts of climate change. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: The Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Doped TiO2 on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCS) and its Solar Simulation Characteristics Author: Clement N. Ogbonda Abstract: ... Photovoltaic technology is an emerging market with great potentials for present and future energy sources. Dye sensitized solar cell is the future of photovoltaic technology. To move towards full commercialization, challenges remain in further improvements of device stability, efficiency, as well as reduction of materials and manufacturing costs. Dye alerted solar cells (DSSCs) dependent on mesoporous titanium dioxide alerted with organic dye mined from dried Hibiscus sabdariffa were fabricated. The dye extract and active layers were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, with the TiO2 sensitized with dye layer showing a band gap of 3.0 eV, and hence could absorb incident solar radiation beyond the Ultraviolet region. Solar simulation (Photoelectrochemical) properties of the DSSCs were determined using the Newport solar simulator and I.V acquired by a Keithley 2400 source meter. All the solar simulation parameters of the fabricated DSSCs are as follows Voc 050V, Isc 1.3mA/cm2, FF 0.44 and efficiency 2.88%. Keyword: Titanium dioxide, solar simulation properties, dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), efficiency. Hibiscus sabdariffa, doped. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Impact of Climate Change to Farming Communities in Aguie District of Niger Author: Satabi Hado Abstract: ... There is evidence that the effects of climate change constitute a serious problem for the development of sub-Sahara African. Developing countries are more vulnerable to extreme climate change due to their low adaptive capacity. The objective of this research is to analyze household vulnerability to climate change in Aguie district of Niger. Principal components analysis was used to construct the different index. Results of farmers’ perception of factors determining vulnerability outlined food expenditure (2.58), ceremonies (2.13), farming (1.34), and livestock (1.00) as the key factors. The vulnerability level of the study area is 0.075, However, farmers (0.093) are found to be the most vulnerable and pastoralists (-0.328) the least vulnerable. The study also shows that education rate, association membership, strategies index, soil fertility, food coverage, income and agriculture experience family size, income, association membership, strategies index, and farm tree coverage (a proxy of soil fertility) have a significant effect on vulnerability. As far as policy implication, specific attention should be given to small-scale farmers to reducing their sensitivity to climate change through soil fertility management. Keywords: Adaptation, Drought, Exposure, Sensitivity, Resilience. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Analyzing the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Wastewater in Njoro Sewage Works, Nakuru, Kenya Author: Chonge Yillisi (Ph.D) Abstract: ... Njoro sewage works is the main sewage work for Nakuru urban town that receives about 90% of industrial wastewater and 10 % domestic wastewater. In-sufficient pre-treatment of industrial wastewater, may affect the normal functioning of sewage works and the aquatic life (flora and fauna) of the receiving water body. The underground water aquifer may also be contaminated by both chemical elements and microbial through percolation. This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of the sewage works by analysing the physical and chemical parameters of wastewater from the inlet and outlet of Njoro sewage works. The study involved test analysis of the physical and chemical parameters in the laboratory and in-situ test. This study employed composite sampling method in the collection of samples. Data collection was done using experimental method while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. This study found that BOD concentration was 400 mg/l for the influent and 150mg/l for effluent. COD concentration was 1399 mg/l for the influent and 222 mg/l for the effluent. DO concentrations were lower (0.05 mg/l) for influent and effluent. Traces of heavy metals were also found both for the influent and effluent. Njoro sewage works could not effectively reduce organic load in wastewater. Keywords: Discharge, Effluent, Influent, Sewage works, Wastewater. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Practical Approach to the Fusion of Fuzzy Information and Educational Research Author: Muhammad Raqueed Abstract: ... Results and recommendations, based on data interpretation, in the research of social sciences are generated on precise measurements. However, advancement of numerical sciences showcases the unattainability of precise measurement of continuous phenomena due to the recent conception of fuzziness. Measurement results establish through educational research are obtained mostly by employing classroom experiments, survey-questionnaires and/or standardized-questionnaire; whereas, available literature also suggests the occurrence of fuzziness in classical measurement and questionnaire responses instead of preciseness. Therefore, in educational research it is recommended to employ latest measurement technique, i.e. fuzzy numbers instead of precise numbers, which will authenticate the reliability and appropriateness of obtained results. Keywords: Education; Fuzzy Number; Non-Precise Data; Real Measurement Results. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Improvement of the Environmental Policy Supply in Anhui under the New Normal of Economic Author: Liu Ying Abstract: ... This paper explores the reform policy of environmental policy under the new normal economy, taking Anhui Province as the object of study, and analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the reform of environmental policy supply. It holds that the reform of environmental policy supply is of great significance in the new period. From the economic structure, governance system and regional innovation, this paper summarizes the foothold of environmental policy supply reform in Anhui Province, and suggests strengthening environmental protection propaganda, guiding industrial adjustment and promoting environmental warning system. Keywords: The new normal of economic; Environmental policy; Policy supply reform. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Construction and Optical Characterization of Monolithic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells using TiO2 Sensitized with Hibiscus Sabdariffa Author: Clement N. Ogbonda Abstract: ... Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized with organic dye extracted from dried Hibiscus sabdariffa were fabricated. The dye extract and active layers were characterized using a (UV 752) ultraviolet-visible-Near Infra-Red (UV-VIS-NI) spectrophotometer, at the wavelength interval of 230 nm to 1100 nm, while the Tauc model was used to obtain the optical band gap. The absorbance and transmittance spectrum was shown; the nature of the refractive index and behavior of the extinction coefficient was investigated. The current and voltage characteristics of the dye sensitized solar cell fabricated with the sensitized TiO2 Photo-anode were analyzed. The optical band gap of the sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) was 3.0 eV, while the conversion efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cell was 2.88%. Keyword: Titanium dioxide, optical properties, dye sensitized solar cell, band gap, Hibiscus sabdariffa. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Farmers Familiarity to Climate Change in Kaffrine Region of Senegal Author: Gah Nisse Abstract: ... Climate change is a global critical issue that threatens the livelihood of most farmers, particularly in the developing countries. This study investigates farmers’ awareness and adaptation to climate change in Kaffrine Region of Senegal. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 204 farmer household heads, selected from nine communities through a multi-stage sampling technique. Additional data was collected from 9 focus group discussions and 8 key informant interviews. The results of the study reveal that 64.7% of the respondents were aware of climatic change with an average awareness index of 0.5903 (59%). This indicates that farmers in the study area are fairly aware of the changing climate. Also, a large number of surveyed farmers representing (90%) responded to the changing climate by employing one or more adaptation strategies such as growing early maturing varieties, crop diversifications, using different planting dates, using chemical fertilizers, practicing crop rotation among others. The study suggests that the government of Senegal should develop more effective climatic change adaptation strategies as well as improve dissemination of information to farmers through extension officers in order to increase adoption of effective climatic change adaptation strategies. It would be crucial that farmers collaborate to form farmer organization to enable them have easy access to farm inputs and training on climate change in order to reduce their vulnerability and increase their resilience to the changing climate. Keywords: Senegal, Climate Change, Climate Change Awareness Index, Adaptation. Show More |
| Number 1 |
Title: Achieving and Maximizing Profits in L. Idris Holding using Linear Programing Model Author: Ojekudo, Nathaniel Akpofure & Akpan, Nsikan Paul Abstract: ... Linear programming, an operation of simplex method technique is widely use in finding solutions to complex and difficult problems in several fields of studies and enterprises using various methods. There is always a need to properly manage scarce resources to either maximize profit or minimize cost. This study was carried out to arrive at an optimal solution in L. Idris Holdings in the production of various sizes of blocks (9 inches open, 6 inches open, 6 inches blind, 5 inches blind, 4 inches blind and interlocking blocks). The analyses and result shows from the model indicates that the 6 inches’ block should be produced more (100) in order to maximize more profit of #800 profit. Hence, 6 inches of blocks should be produced more. Keywords: Linear Programing, L. Idris Holding, Profits. Show More |