About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2019 Archive
| Number 6 |
Title: Domino Logic Full Adder Array-Based Multiplier Author: Tamle N. G. & Timaye K. O. Abstract: ... A circuit design for a low-power full adder array-based multiplier in domino logic is proposed. It is based on Wallace tree technique. Clocked architecture results in lower power dissipation and improvements in power-delay product. The proposed technique is general and can be used in all domino logic circuit designs. Higher order multipliers like 16x16, 32x32 may also be implemented using 4x4 bit multiplier and hence a modular design is presented by constructing an 8x8 multiplier using multiple 4x4 multipliers. Average power and Tanner Tool report for 8x8 Multiplier is as follows, Device and node counts: MOSFETs – 2572, MOSFET geometries - 2 Measurement result summary Average Power found to be 0.11108 microwatt. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Extreme Operational Fluctuations in AL-Shabab Lagoon Spermatozoa of Leiognathus Equulus Author: Turahn I. H. (Ph.D) & Hajah E. U. (Ph.D) Abstract: ... The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus was caught from the Red Sea and Al-Shabab lagoon. This study was carried out to investigate the ultra-structural alternations in L. equulus spermatozoa induced by the polluted water of Al-Shabab lagoon. The spermatozoa were of type I, which is typical of species of external fertilization. It appears that each spermatozoon possesses kidney shaped head, mitochondria and underdeveloped middle piece. However, fish caught from Al-shabab lagoon shows variable deformations in sperm including changes in head morphology, malformed mid piece, fusion of head sperm. Keywords: Common ponyfish., Histopathology., Red Sea., Al-Shabab lagoon., Sperm., Ultra structural abnormalities Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Investigating Antifungal Activity of Leptadenia Arborea Author: Jamui Hayaf, Ahmed Usdan & Kaisu Jamui Abstract: ... The present study was designed to investigate antifungal activity of Leptadenia arborea (Forssk) Schweinf.; (Ascolepidaceae) (leaves and stem). The ethanolic of leave and stem plant extract were seasoned against standard fungi Microsporum canis using cup-plate agar diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of stem showed highest activity against Microsporum canis. Keywords: leptadeina heterophylla, antifungal, Microsporum canis, ethanolic. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Thermoluminescent Dosimetry: Physical Principles, Materials Optimisation, and Signal Deconvolution-From Defect Physics to Dose Reconstruction Author: Gbarato, O. L.; Robbinson, E. D. & Ikata, E. S. Abstract: ... Thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) is a widely used technique for measuring ionising radiation exposure based on radiation-induced charge trapping in lattice defects and thermally stimulated recombination. It is valued in medical, environmental, and occupational applications due to its passive operation, wide dose range, and near-tissue equivalence. Accurate dose reconstruction, however, depends on a clear understanding of defect physics and reliable interpretation of complex glow curves arising from multiple trapping centres. TLD is grounded in band theory, where ionising radiation excites electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, creating electron-hole pairs. These carriers are trapped at defect levels introduced by intrinsic lattice imperfections or dopants. Trap depth and distribution govern stability and fading behaviour. Upon heating, trapped carriers are released and recombine radiatively, producing thermoluminescence. This process is described by the Randall-Wilkins kinetic model, which relates glow intensity to trap depth, frequency factor, and heating rate, forming the basis for glow curve interpretation and dose estimation. Performance is enhanced through dopant engineering and structural design. Common materials such as LiF:Mg,Ti, LiF:Mg,Cu,P, CaSO₄:Dy, and Al₂O₃:C demonstrate how controlled dopants modify trap distributions, increase sensitivity, and reduce fading. Nanostructuring further improves luminescent efficiency and stability while enabling application-specific optimisation across medical, environmental, and high-dose radiation fields. Accurate dose estimation requires resolving overlapping glow peaks using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD), peak shape methods, and general-order kinetic models. These approaches extract key parameters including activation energy (E), frequency factor (s), and kinetic order, enabling reliable dose reconstruction. TLD performance is governed by the integrated triad of physical principles, materials optimisation, and signal deconvolution. Their synergy ensures reliable dose reconstruction. Future advances will be driven by machine learning–assisted deconvolution and nanostructured phosphors for improved accuracy and automation. Keywords: Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; Defect Physics; Glow Curve Deconvolution; CGCD; Dosimetry Materials; Radiation Dose Reconstruction. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Septin12 Gene Appearance of Human Spermatozoa and its effect on Infertility Author: Kadedezar Azees Abstract: ... Septins belong to a family of polymerizing GTP-binding proteins that are required for many cellular functions, such as membrane compartmentalization, vesicular traficking, mitosis, and cytoskeletal remodeling. One family member, septin12, is expressed specifically in the testis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between septin12 gene expression by RT-PCR and fertilization ability of human spermatozoa. The present study included 80 semen samples that were obtained from men attending the andrology Outpatient Clinic, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt and grouped into four group: Normozoospermia (n=20), Asthenozoospermia (n=20), Astheno-Teratozoospermia (n=20), Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia (n=20).The current study showed a statistically significant highly positive correlation in S eptin12 gene expression with sperm concentration, grade A motility, grade (A+B) motility, velocity, linear velocity, linearity index, normal morphology . However, it shows significant negative correlation with WBCs.Septin12 had highly significant negative correlation with FSH, however it had moderately significant positive correlation with testosterone. It also had highly significant positive correlation with DHEA-S. In conclusion, SEPTIN12 gene expression provides clinical useful information for the diagnosis of male infertility. It might be a marker for discrimination between fertile and infertile patients. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Making, Improvement and Optimization of Lornoxicam 8mg Tablets Author: Wayman Yitmi (Ph.D) Abstract: ... Tablet dosage form constitutes a major portion of the drug delivery systems that are currently available. These are usually prepared with the aid of suitable pharmaceutical excipients. They may vary in appearance, size, shape, weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration and dissolution characteristics and in other aspects depending on their intended use and method of manufacturing. Tablets are manufactured primarily by either granulation or direct compression. The latter involves the compression of a dry blend of powders that comprises drugs and various excipients. The simplicity and cost effectiveness of the direct compression have positioned direct compression as an attractive alternative to traditional granulation technologies. Fast disintegrating (DT) dosage form provides an opportunity to manufacturers to extend product life cycle and to expand market. Fast disintegrating tablets have this opportunity over conventional tablets. Lornoxicam is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and used in treatment of post traumatic pains (PTP), muscular and skeletal pains, joint disorder and rheumatic arthritis (RA). Fast onset of action is required in these indications and to improve bioavailability as well. Lornoxicam fast disintegration tablets were prepared by direct compression method by using Low substitute hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as disintegrating agent and optimized sodium bicarbonate and calcium hydrogen phosphate, anhydrous. Independent variables were concentration of excipients used in the formulation while dependent variables were disintegration time and percent drug released. Optimized formulation, T-06, showed drug content (100.527%), disintegration time (40sec), percent drug released (102.179%). Present study demonstrated potential for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy and patient compliance. Keywords: DT = Disintegration Test, NSAID = Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PTP = Post traumatic pains, RA= Rheumatic arthritis, HPC = Hydroxypropylcellulose. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Design of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Author: Joshin Hakkam (Ph.D) & Poutih Usdann Abstract: ... Designing Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Has For Decades, Been an Elusive Goal to Network Developers and Enthusiasts. This Is Due To The Distributed And Dynamic Topology Of WSN Which Introduces Unique Requirements In Routing Protocols That Should Be Met. To Be Classified As Efficient, Wsns Must Maintain Efficient Energy Consumption And An Extended Network Lifetime. The Synchronization Of Peer Nodes Incurs Some Overhead For Installing The Communication Network. In This Paper, We Study The Various Routing Protocols And Compare Among Them. We Also Study The Trade-Offs Between Energy And Communication Overheads, Highlighting The Advantages And Demerits Of Each Routing Protocol With The Purpose Of Discovering New Research Directions. Based on the Identified ResearchGap, We Propose an Optimum Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Today’s Wsns. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Energy Efficiency; Routing Protocols; Cluster Head. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Design of Optical Package and Contact Lenses-Innovative Product Author: Yin Ruihy Abstract: ... Young people wear contact lenses to replace ordinary eye-glasses for aesthetic reasons or convenience. Contact lenses have also evolved from the original colorless into colorful ones with different shapes and lines. In this article, camouflage colors of parrots, leopards, hummingbirds, peacocks, and butterflies were used for contact lens pattern design and the visual packaging design of this product range. Keywords: Product design, Creative design, Visual packaging design. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: 5G Network as Evolution in Mobile Radio Communication Author: Jrad Gavad Abstract: ... The designing aim of 4G was to improve capacity, user data-rates, spectrum usage and latency with respect to 3G. 5G is just more than an evolution of mobile broadband communication. It will be a Important key enabler of the future digital world. The vision of 5G mobile is driven from the predictions of up to 1000 times data requirement by 2020 and the fact that the traffic could be two thirds video embedded. 5G in one sentence may be called as “Always Sufficient Rate” to give users the ability of Infinite Capacity”. This paper gives an overview of the 5G mobile radio communication. The paper addresses the key drivers and disruptive capabilities for 5G as well as the design principles, key technological components, spectrum considerations etc. Keywords: 4G,5G, internet of things(IOT), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), software defined, networking (SDN)Ultra Dense Networks (UDN). Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Development of an Integrated Web-Based Continuous Assessment Management System in Senior Secondary Schools Author: Nanwin, Domaka Nuka, Ofor, Williams Daniel & Sampson Goodness Abstract: ... Information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years has impacted so much in our education sector in making learning and access to learning more efficient. The use of (ICT) has become part of our lives and fully utilizing the power of it in our academic institutions will be of utmost benefit. This research work has proposed the use of ICT in continuous assessment management in our secondary schools. The proposed system specifically proffers solution and recommendations to secondary schools to improve effectiveness and efficiency in assessment recording on the side of our teachers and a database management system to store the student assessment scores for a longer period of time so that they can be retrieved easily and in a more reliable manner has been adopted. This research work has developed an integrated web based system to manage continuous assessment of student in senior secondary schools. It included a module to add students and their various subjects while automatically calling the subjects to the add CA panel to allow the user choose the subject to add assessment for. The system performed optimally with all the modules working as expected. Keywords: Continuous Assessment Management, Student Reports, ICT, Examination Management, Teachers’ Performance. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Petroleum Tanker Explosions in Akwa Ibom State, 2007-2019 Author: Mbee, Daniel Mbee Abstract: ... It is estimated that over 5000 petroleum tankers are involved in the daily haulage of petroleum products in Nigeria. These tankers sometimes explode arising from natural and man-made factors thus destroying property, livelihoods, businesses and the physical environment. It is within the purview of this article to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of petrol tanker explosions in Akwa Ibom State. The data for the study were gotten from secondary source. Analysis of Variance ANOVA was used in the analysis of the data. Geographic Information Systems was used in creating the choropleth. The study showed that 64 petroleum tanker explosions occurred between 2007-2019 and that the years 2010 and 2013 had the highest petroleum tanker explosions in Akwa Ibom State. Furthermore, the study revealed that the explosions occurred 38 times (56.7%) in the Uyo division. However, the study established that there is no significant variation since the p-value (0.000) was less than the critical value (α = 0.05). in petrol tanker explosion across local governments in Akwa Ibom State. Based on the findings, the study recommends that regulatory agencies such as Federal Road Safety Corps FRSC, Department of Petroleum Resource, DPR and Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC, should effectively enforce compliance of safety codes and traffic regulations by truckers carrying petroleum products to reduce the frequency of explosions. Keywords: Tanker, Spatio-Temporal, Petroleum, Environment, Explosions. Show More |