About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
Read MoreRIK Citation
| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
Online Submission
Click here to submit your papers for review
2019 Archive
| Number 5 |
Title: Relationship between Different Multiplier Algorithms and 1D-DWT as an Application Author: Thamara Sadiri Abstract: ... This paper compares 4 different multipliers and the one with the least area and power is applied in 1D-DWT. The multipliers are implemented using booth algorithms as well as Wallace tree structures. The advantage of using Modified Booth algorithm is that the number of partial products is reduced by half. The Wallace tree structure is used for partial product reduction. 1D-DWT is implemented using modified Wallace tree structures alone as it has the least area and power. The 1D-DWT is mainly used for image compression. Keywords: Modified Booth algorithm, Wallace trees, 1D-DWT. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Decontamination and Removal of Tannery Wastewater Using Indigenous or Exogenous Bacteria Author: Salimu Rassai & Rukoruka Deham Abstract: ... The present study aimed to investigate decontamination of tannery wastewater in terms of removal capacity and efficiency using indigenous and/or exogenous bacteria. Wastewater samples were collected from leather tanning factory. Three out of 17 indigenous tannery wastewater plus 3 exogenous bacterial isolates were identified and used in a batch mode remediation process as individual or mixed free living cultures. The tested tannery effluents had extremely high levels of all the tested parameters indicating high pollution potential, dangerous effects on the receiving environments and creating many treatment difficulties. Treatment of the tannery effluent was a function of time and bacterial species. Pseudomonas stutzeri (PS) considered the most while Bacillus sp. (RE12) considered the least efficient in removing all the tested parameters. Removal efficiencies (REs) were significantly and proportionally correlated with time regardless of bacterial species or parameters. However, bulk changes in all parameters were achieved within the first 24 h. The highest removals recorded were 86.7, 94.14%, 79.16, 95.64, 36.33, 93.66 and 44.91% for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fat, oil and grease (FOG), ammonia (NH3), chromium (Cr) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), respectively after only 24 h. On the other hand, total dissolved solids (TDS) and nitrates (NO3) recorded the highest increase (97.68 and 45.87%) after one and 7 days, respectively. Despite the highly efficient removals achieved for the tested parameters, their residual levels were slightly higher than the maximum permissible limits (MPL) for the safe discharge. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use the most promising bacteria in a fixed form to bring the effluent to the safe limits for the environment. Keywords: Bacteria, Chromium, Leather, Nitrogen, Organic Matter, Pollution Control, Tanning Industry, Wastewater. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Preventing Preterm Labor in Albania Author: Yelemi Dejila Abstract: ... The purpose of this study was to prevent preterm labor that uses maintenance with tocolysis therapy. This paper emphasizes the fact that there are very few hospital protocols of preterm labor that use maintenance tocolysis therapy. Our goal is to identify the possible benefits of such therapy based on individual selection of pregnant women and their gestational age. We bring our university hospital experience study of three years with a long term use of tocolysis at risk pregnancy unit at the “Koço Gliozheni” University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, Albania. Qualitative method is used in this study and the prospective controlled population based study during March 2011 to March 2013 included pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor with the criteria of: singleton pregnancy, 28-32 weeks of gestation, with no PPROM; maintenance with tocolysis therapy over one month period. Women were divided in two groups: 28-30 weeks gestation age and 30-32 weeks gestation age; tocolytics used: indomethacine, ritrodine, nifedipine, magnesium sulfate. Data collected showed that 325 pregnant women with admission diagnosis of preterm labor which met the study criteria went under the maintenance with tocolysis therapy, 200 patients or 61.5 % with gestation age 20-30 weeks, and 125 patients or 38.5 % were 30-32 weeks of gestations. There was a significant difference in patient group of 28-30 weeks gestation age by prolonging their pregnancy more than the group of 30-32 weeks gestation age. The prolongation of pregnancy was 45 days with the use of tocolysis therapy and these patients had a major benefit compared to those that used just emergency tocolysis therapy. The study draws to the conclusion that the use of maintenance with tocolysis therapy where there is no urgency indication for any intervention to interrupt the stay of the baby in uterus, gives considerable benefits to preterm labor diagnosed women of their singleton pregnancies and prolongs pregnancy substantially. However, use of larger population study and more studies need to be done in order to offer suitable guidelines to prevent preterm labor. Keywords: gestation, preterm labor, prevent, tocolysis therapy. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Making Alkaline Paper using Cationic Polyacrylamide as Preservation Aid Author: Uya Megerson Abstract: ... Alkaline paper has advantages in their high shelf life (permanence) compared to paper made in acidic conditions. The conversion from acidic papermaking process to alkaline process is a major change experienced by the paper industry. In alkaline papermaking, one of the internal sizing agent used is Alkylketene Dimer (AKD). This additive is used to improve the resistance of paper to liquid penetration. Changes to the use of sizing agents are also followed by other changes; one of them is the change in the retention aids used. The use of Cationic Polyacrylamide (C-PAM) as retention aid on alkaline papermaking which is sized by AKD has been investigated. In this study, 100% Leaf Bleached Kraft Pulp (LBKP) as a fiber source was refined in a laboratory beater up to 400 mLCSF of freeness and then mixed with paper additives i.e. 0.1% AKD as sizing agent, 15% calcium carbonate as filler and 1% cationic starch as dry strength agent. The addition of C-PAM was varied in the range of 0% - 0.4% based on dry weight of fiber. After being mixed thoroughly, the handsheets of 60 g/m2 grammage were made and then tested for tensile strength and water absorption (Cobb-60). The addition of 0.1% C-PAM resulted paper with good tensile strength and improved the resistance to liquid penetration. Keywords: Alkaline paper, AKD sizing, C-PAM, tensile strength, water absorption (Cobb-60) Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: WF Bioethanol Production using Thailand Sugarcane Author: Gafe Thufiru Abstract: ... Following Thailand’s policy framework on bioenergy as stipulated in the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP), ethanol use is encouraged and thereby results in increasing cultivation of sugarcane and other ethanol plants. Inadvertently, the use of scarce water resources has increased in tandem. This research aims to assess water footprint (WF) of sugarcane-based bioethanol production in Thailand. The study consists of into two parts, i.e., cultivation and ethanol production processes. The study result shows WF of sugarcane of 226 m3/ton, which consists of green WF of 146 m3/ton, blue WF of 31 m3/ton, and grey WF of 49 m3/ton. Based on the AEDP ethanol production targets of 3, 6.2 and 9 million m3/day by 2011, 2016, and 2022, demand of water is thus anticipated at 18,041; 37,787 and 54,853 million m3/year, respectively. The promotion of ethanol use in such an agricultural country as Thailand is definitely poised to cause the competition for water resources in plant growing for human consumption and energy production. The results of this study can be applied to drawing up the future policy on water and to producing bioethanol in the manner that is the most efficient use of water resources. Keywords: Water footprint, sugarcane, Bioethanol, water resource, Thailand. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Several Research on the Elimination of U(VI) Ions in Aqueous Solutions using Clay from Bikougou Deposit Author: James Tufint & Jamel’e Eron Abstract: ... The efficiency of the clay from Bikougou deposit (Gabon) as adsorbent for removing U(VI) ions dissolved artificially in aqueous solutions has been studied. Batch experiments have been performed for that by varying pH, U(VI) ions solution concentration, ionic solution strength, clay dosage, interaction duration and temperature. The U(VI) ions uptake per unit mass of clay, increases with the increase in pH (2-7), U(VI) ions solution concentrations and temperature. It decreases with the increase in ionic solution strength and clay dosage. The adsorption isotherm is best described by Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich isotherm model. The kinetics of the adsorption of U(VI) ions on clay surface follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the interaction realized spontaneously is exothermic. The mean values of thermodynamic constants ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° obtained at 308k are respectively-62.54kJ/mol, -0.18kJ/K.mol and -8.68 kJ/mol. Keywords: Adsorption capacity, adsorbent, U(VI) ions solution, isotherm model, distribution constant. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Climate Change and its Impact on Two Communities in Southern Malawi Author: Fustin Halyi (Ph.D) & Ruforib J. (Ph.D) Abstract: ... Climate change has caused extreme weather events such as frequent droughts, floods, heat and cold waves. Farmers and communities lack contextualized information on adaptation to climate change, however, farmers and extension workers need to understand causes of weather disruptions and strengthen their adaptation and coping mechanisms. The study assessed the climate change adaptation practices adopted by 92 households in Chikhwawa and Nsanje districts of Southern Malawi. A household survey was conducted in two villages in Chikhwawa and three villages in Nsanje District. The communities were practising conservation of catchment areas, construction of dykes, growing of drought-tolerant crops and early maturing varieties. Thus irrigation agriculture, winter cropping, crop diversification and growing of drought tolerant crops are adopted to improve survival and productivity of crops. Improved tillage practices to conserve moisture and soil including conservation tillage, planting of vetiver grass, crop residue management and ridge alignment and better crop husbandry practices including agroforestry technology are being practiced. Coping mechanisms to climate change impacts include sale of livestock, taking up casual labour and migration to other sites. The communities use indigenous knowledge to forecast early indicators of weather changes mostly using changes in the animal and plant behaviour and astronomical features. Keywords: Adaptation, Climate change, Climate refugees, Coping mechanisms, Indigenous knowledge. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Responsibility of Higher Education Institutions in Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation using Shivaji University, India as Case Study Author: Taput R. Abstract: ... The ever increasing population and changing lifestyles are making the environmental problems more critical. Higher educational institutions can be the best solution to solve this situation. Higher education can play a crucial role in sustainable development of any nation. As environmental sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue for the world, the role of higher educational institutions in relation to environmental sustainability is more prevalent. Universities are the apex bodies in higher education system and can provide environmental education through its curricular design, research and collaborative efforts with NGO’s working in those areas. They can provide trained manpower and knowledgeable expertise to solve critical environmental problems. They can also act as a good networking system and data collector. Shivaji University is one of the significant higher education institution located in heart of Western Ghats working with the same goal of environmental sustainability through various activities. The paper examines the efforts taken by higher education in environmental development in the areas of creating healthy environment and conservation of resources. Keywords: Role of Higher education, Environmental protection, Universities, sustainable development. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Spatial Developments and Variations in Wetland Loss in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State: 1987- 2017 Author: Onugha, Augustine Chimeebere & Ikechi O. Okwakpam (Ph.D) Abstract: ... The capability of urban expansion activities impacting on the functionality and productivity of natural ecosystem and its resources necessitated the investigation on spatial developments and variationsin wetland loss in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State; 1987-2017. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design on the twenty-four (24) identified wetlands in the study area measuring about 24, 304.34 ha. Also, the Landsat7 ETM images of 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 was acquired using ArcGIS10.5, ERDAS IMAGE 2014 and IDRISI Selva to ascertain the rate of spatial developments and variations in wetland loss including answering the research questions using simple percentage and line graphs, while the validation of the imageries was done using the sampling points coordinates. The study revealed that: spatial development continuously increased from 2000.34 ha and 8.24% in 1987, 4918.493 ha and 20.24% in 1997, 7593.99 ha and 31.25% in 2007, and 9988.151 ha and 41.09% in 2017. Whereas variations in wetland loss continuously diminished from -689. 39 ha and -2.78% between 1987-1997, -567.06 ha and -2.33% between 1997-2007, and802.34 ha and 3.30% between 2007-2017 epoch. The study recommended that government adopt a “tree planting policy” as a form of advocacy on the serenity and air purifying benefits of trees and vegetation around built-up areas prone to impurities. Alongside, environmentalists should champion the adoption of technology (like satellite remote sensing) to effectively regulate, monitor and forestall indiscriminate spatial developments and encroachment into areas designated as biodiversity hotspots. Keywords: Spatial developments, wetland loss, Obio-Akpor, Rivers State. Show More |
| Number 5 |
Title: Forecasting Ripple Coin with a Seasonal ARIMA Model Author: Ojekudo, Nathaniel Akpofure & Urang, Awajionyi Samuel Abstract: ... The cryptocurrency Ripple coin, from the crypto market was examined. The time chart shows a negative downward trend. Inventory price forecasts constantly attract warnings related to your direct monetary benefit plus the associated hardship. In this article, we carry out forecasting the price of Ripple coin using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. The model was chosen for its great relevance. The parameters selected for the SARIMA model has been performed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). The results and analysis with the R software shows that it gave an accuracy of 68.54%. Keywords: SARIMA Model, AIC, Ripple Coin, Forecasting. Show More |