About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2017 Archive
| Number 6 |
Title: The Effectiveness of Herbal Drug, Schitozim over Praziquantel in the Management of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in BALB/c mice Author: Jacob Zebuma Abstract: ... Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for most pathology. The organs affected are liver and spleen. There has been very little progress on schistosomiasis chemotherapy in Kenya due to the high costs and unavailability of known drugs to the local masses. There has been a resurgence of interest in the study of antischistosomal medicinal plants of local origin. Plants seem to be a cheaper source for drug development. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a herbal drug, Schitozim over Praziquantel in the management of S. mansoni infection in BALB/c mice and to provide defined information of the parasitological and immunological responses towards this herbal drug. BALB/c mouse strains, was used. The experimental groups included; normal/naive control; infected and not treated control group; infected groups administered with three different doses (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg) of Schitozim and infected group administered with one standard dose (900 mg/kg) of Praziquantel. Serum were collected at week 6 post infections and week 2 post treatment and assayed to determine total leukocyte counts, differential counts, blood chemistry parameters and the levels of immunoglobulin G using ELISA kit. At week 6, perfusion was done to determine worm load. Data was analysed using SPSS, the data was expressed as mean} standard error of means. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to compare differences between treatment groups while multiple comparisons between the various treatment groups was done using Dunnet Test and Least Significance Difference Test (LSD). Results show that worm count in the groups treated with Schitozim was not significantly different from the number of worms recovered in the group treated with praziquantel. Secondly, Schitozim was able to maintain a normal level of the three tested transaminases. The levels of bilirubin, albumin were also maintained at a normal range in the infected mice treated with Schitozim and Praziquantel. Eosinophil counts were low in number in both Schitozim and Praziquantel treated groups. Lymphocyes, monocytes and neutrophils counts were high in the both groups. SWAP specific IgG response, 0-3hr release protein specific IgG response and SEA specific IgG responses were not significantly different among the Schitozim and Praziquantel treated groups. Phytochemical screening showed that flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids and tannins were present in schitozim aqueous extract. From the information above on worm recovery, populations of leucocytes in serum, levels of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin, Schitozim behaves similar to Praziquentel in the management of S. mansoni infection in BALB/c mice. However, further research is needed to determine toxic level of schitozim since all drugs will turn out to be toxic when certain concentration is reached. Other studies which will investigate the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, High density cholesterol and low density cholesterol on Schitozim treated- S. mansoni infected mice. Keywords: Schitozim, Praziquantel, Transaminases, Lymphocytes, IgG, Phytochemical screening, BALB/c Mice. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Using Local Based Natural Wisdom as Landslide Mitigation Disaster of the Linge Aceh Tengah District Community Author: Tama Lukane & Konat Machur Abstract: ... The regency of Aceh Tengah is one of the districts within Aceh Province which is a highland area, hills and coastal areas which are plantation and agricultural areas. The district of Aceh Tengahhas 14 districts with a total of 295 villages with the number of landslides nearing 1240 landslides. Geographical condition of this region which is in the mountains area consists of hills, valleys and forest areas with high rainfall, causing this area often experience natural disasters of floods and landslides. causing this area often experience natural disasters of floods and landslides. therefore, this article aims to expose the local nature-based wisdom of the Linge District community. Disaster mitigation system based nature is actually part of the local wisdom that developed in Indonesia and have been hereditary. Local wisdom to read and avoid the impact of disasters is also in Linge District, Regency of Aceh Tengah. In this region, people observed orangutan sounds as a sign of the emergence of heavy rain and floods and landslides. They play an important role in disaster preparedness, risk management around areas considered vulnerable. Keywords: Local Wisdom, Natural Production, Arul Item, Disaster Mitigation, Landslide. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Rainfall Validity and its Impact on Intensity to Horticulture Productivity at West Pasaman Regency, Province of West Sumatera, Indonesia Author: Tami Lees Abstract: ... The changing of rainfall pattern and rising up rainfall intensity as phenomenon climate extreme, it has giving impact to dryness and floods, where that will give high potential to pressing agricultural productivity or make it be failure. The horticulture is the one of excellent sub-sector product in the region. The aim of the research is to analyst the climate change and connecting with distribution of horticulture commodity at West Pasaman Regency. Method of the research used the climatic data (data of rainfall intensity) from BMKG office, observation including re-analyst data of horticulture productivity since the years (2011 to 2015). The tools used software RClimDex, is Expert Team for Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDMI) to detecting and monitoring climate change, as the focus to climate extreme, During period of years 2000 to 2015, the rainfall variation between coastal area and terrain it so difference, if we compare with all has happened in the terrain area of West Pasaman the rainfall in the coastal has small variation every years. The global phenomenon ENSO (El Nino and La Nina) isn’t significant influence the moonly record of rainfall variability at West Pasaman Regency, in the costal or hinterland. The sub-district has highest as productivity horticulture at the coastal area is Sungai Beremas, the middle grade productivity is Sungai Aua, and the lowest is Sasak. Keywords: Rainfall Variability, Productivity, Horticulture. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Mapping Spatial Distribution of Rainfall and Erosivity Rain in Catchment Area of Bengkulu River Watershed Author: Ali Masad Abstract: ... Some information from the study of the spatial and temporal distribution of these have significance in the management of water resources, such as drinking water supply, agricultural planning, analysis of flood and erosion hazard rate analysis and the effects of climate change (climate phenomenon ) for the purposes of environmental management. The main objective of this study was to produce precipitation variability to spatial and temporal erosivity Catchment Area in Bengkulu River watershed based on rainfall data. The specific objective of this research is to: Produce monthly rainfall erosion by 14 stations rainfall observation post in the Catchment Area Bengkulu River watershed. Spatial interpolation models to map the R-factor values are seen in their spatial distribution. Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall reviewed to provide basic information on the distribution patterns of rainfall at a rate of rain erosivity (R). This study focuses on the use of Bols method for calculating the value of erosivity rainfall and calculates the spatial distribution pattern of an average value analysis Rainfall In Monthly and Yearly so be input in applying the method of spatial models IDW interpolation method. Results showed that the spatial distribution pattern as follows (1). Value Erosivity highest in January is 725, which is the highest value, the value of erosivity reached 26 was in August at Station Post observations of rainfall in the area Pagar Jati, this shows the level of erosion is very small, because of the intensity of the fall of rain sanggat rare happen. There are several factors that can affect the rate of erosion in addition to the intensity of the rainfall, Climate, soil, Relief, and Topography. (2). Monthly rainfall distribution Catchment Area Bengkulu River watershed monsoon rainfall pattern shows that there is a maximum peak in November and a minimum peak that occurred in August. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Urban Planning Regulations and its Efficiency on Environmental Management in Bamenda, North West Cameroon Author: Jumani Dave & Gambi T. D. Abstract: ... In the past five decades or so, rapid rate of urbanization and urban development and urban environmental planning and management has become a cardinal issue to urban dwellers, government institutions and professionals in the developed and developing countries. It is in furtherance to this that this paper examines the efficiency of urban planning regulations on environmental management in Bamenda. Field surveys, participant observations, questionnaire administration, interviews and on-the-spot appraisals constituted the main data sources. The findings have revealed that Bamenda is replete with an avalanche of robust urban planning regulations. Irrespective of these robust laws, it was pathetic to observe that the integration of environmental management into urban development planning was sub-optimal as over 63% of the respondents claimed ignorance on the existence of these legislations. In the context of such a seismic shift in awareness, most environmental benchmarks for sustainable urban planning have remained trapped in an environmental time-warp due to non-adherence to these regulations as a result of ignorance of their existence. This has brought about negative reverberations, ushering the urban environment of Bamenda into a frivolous path to profligacy. In order for sustainable urban planning and management to be deeply entrenched in Bamenda, this paper proffers for a synergy between government and non-government agencies responsible for urban development planning. Keywords: Urban Planning, Management environmental management, urban development. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Map without Projection-Real Geodetic Map Author: Salah Asad, Abdul Seehd & Mohammed Fahd Abstract: ... The earth as a planet is geometrically represented as an ellipsoid or a sphere where geodetic computations should be followed. In small areas and as a special case, the considered area can be treated as a plan and plan metric computations are followed. The surveying elements to be introduced to the user could be distances, bearings, azimuths, and areas. These elements can be obtained by computing them from either map (projected) coordinates or from geodetic coordinates. In the past, not everybody could deal with the geodetic coordinates, so map projection has been introduced to facilitate dealing with the map using metric units. Nowadays computers and computer programming enable us to deal easily with geodetic computations and geodetic maps. In this research, the proposed computerized real geodetic map is introduced. The computations which have been done to clear the idea of the proposed map and their results are tabulated and illustrated. Keywords: Map, Projection, Geodetic datum, Ellipsoid, Distortion, Scales, Coordinates. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Using High Resolution and LiDAR Data to Investigate Character of Natural Forest Ecosystem Author: Turni Peshto Abstract: ... Ecosystem character the subject very important to investigate, the product of characterizing ecology is map of ecology area, type, vegetation structure. Where vegetation zone it will influence the habitat of biota. To extract the information have used multi data of multi sensor to rising up quality and information. The method used in this research is imagery transformation, OBIA classification, compilation data. The imagery classification to detecting ecology is OBIA technic have used to mapping land cover type, LIDAR analyst and. Compilation data have rising up the quality information of ecology zone. In the research we have find the ecology zone have many difference character, the character it has showing by the vegetation high, fraction vegetation. All of the point has showing the habitat, and the possible to measure the home base to migration and area to protecting the biota. The compilation data include geo- physic data has support the quality and result. In the end the geo- physic data divide the forest ecosystem zone to more detail and set vegetation in class and sub class such as natural forest ecosystem zone. Keywords: Ecology, Habitat, Remote Sensing. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Evaluating Glomus Mosseae as Biocontrol Agents against Rhizoctonia solani on Tomato Author: E. D. Massad Abstract: ... R. Solani is one of the phytopathogens that attack tomato cultivated causing seed decay, root and crown rot. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) to suppress root diseases caused by soilborne pathogens has been intensively studied in the last thirty years. The efficacy of AM (Glomus mosseae) as biological agents was assayed against R. solani on tomato seeds and seedling in greenhouse and field. The results appeared ability of AM (Glomus mosseae) for the suppression of R. solani at transplant time (day 30) in greenhouse experiment (76%) and field experiment results appeared significant differences at disease index and disease severity of tomato plants in mycorrhiza treatment (21%, 1 respectively). The mycorrhiza treatment results was positive influenced on plant growth and health indicators too (tomato seeds germination, fresh weight, dry weight, roots volume and fruit weight). Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani, Glomus mosseae, Biological agent, Tomato. Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Plain Radiograph and 3D Scan in Diagnosis of Midface Fractures Author: Zalit Talis Abstract: ... OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiographs and 3D scan in diagnosis of mid face fractures by taking surgery findings as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: Cross Sectional Study SETTING: study was carried out at Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. DURATION: Study was completed in 6 months from May, 2017 to November 2017in Nishtar . Methodology: 181 Patients were included from Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan after taking informed consent and permission from ethical committee and research department. Demographic information of patients (name, age, gender, duration of Fracture had taken. Patients from both gender with age range of 18-35 years having Maxillofacial trauma < 10 days were included in this study and patients in which CT scan was contraindicated and those taken any surgical treatment for facial trauma were excluded in this study. Radiographic examination for the cranio-facial complex had performed for all patients followed by routinely and according to the needs of each individual case. RESULTS: From 181 patients, the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 35 years. According to plain radiographs, fracture was detected in 88.4% patients. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, negative predicted value was 50% and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. CONCLUSION: Among 181 patients, fracture was detected in 88.4% patients by using plain radiographs. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. Keywords: 3D scan, plain radiographs, mid face fractures Show More |
| Number 6 |
Title: Nutrients and Anti-nutrients Composition of Diets from Developed Recipes from Local Vegetables and Legumes for Obese Women in Enugu State, Nigeria Author: Asouzu, Ann Ifeoma (Ph.D) Abstract: ... The knowledge of the composition of the daily recommended nutrients intake and blends of diets that could contribute to good health and immunity against deficiencies like obesity, prompted an investigation into the nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of diets from developed recipes from local vegetables and legumes for obese women in Enugu State. The study carried out in Enugu State, Nigeria adopted the survey research design. Random sampling technique was employed in the selection of 90 subjects (i.e. 20 Nutritionists, 56 Home Economists and 14 Dieticians). Who were administered the 13 item and 32 item self-structured expert validated instruments titled” Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Composition of Local Legume Recipes” (NACLLR) and “Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Composition of Local Vegetable Recipes” (NACLVR) respectively. The reliability coefficients (ra) of 0.749 for and 0.782 for the NACLLR and NACLVR respectively enhanced the eligibility of the instruments analyze using mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that the local legume dishes (via jackbean risotto, bread fruit and corn kernel, and cowpea and maize twist) and local vegetable dishes (via amarantus delicacy and nestro) prepared for obese women contained high moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents. It was recommended among others that nutritionist and dieticians embark on a detailed compilation of the blends and nutritive benefits of various local legume and vegetable dishes available in Enugu State, alongside recommending legume and vegetable diets with low anti-nutritional composition for people with obesity challenges. Keywords: nutrients, anti-nutrients, diets, recipe, vegetable, legume, obesity, Enugu State. Show More |