About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2026 Archive
| Number 3 |
Title: Analysis of Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Tissue Composition of Awassi and Hamdani Lambs at the University of Salahaddin Animal Farm Author: Yamalre J. (PhD) Abstract: ... The present work was carried out at the Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, where 10 weaned lambs (4-5 months old) from each of Hamdani and Awassi, and averaged 22.0± 0.25 and 23.1± 0.34kg in weight, respectively were divided equally and randomly allocated to two slaughter groups (30 and 40kg).Each group of lambs was kept in a separate pen and fed a concentrate diet at libitum containing 16.2% crude protein and 2637 k cal. Upon reaching the prescribed weight, each lamb was slaughtered and their carcass was evaluated. Results revealed that Hamdani lambs surpassed significantly Awassi lambs in growth rate (0.348 vs. 0.307 Kg/day), dressing percentage (47.97 vs. 46.59%) and percent of fat tail (15.20 vs. 12.15%). In contrast, it appears that Awassi lambs had thicker fat thickness, and their carcasses contain higher proportion of lean (+ 6.11%) and fat (+ 9.13%) and lower proportion of bone (-18.37%) as compared to Hamdani lambs. Also, as the weight at slaughter increased, there is a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in average daily gain, an increase in rib eye area, fat thickness, lean and fat content and lower proportion of bone. The percent contribution of carcass, noncarcass and fat tail to the total body fat was 51.72, 2.63 and 45.63%, respectively. Keywords: Growth, Carcass traits, Awassi, Hamdani, Lambs Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Contemporary Surgical Management of Urethral Stricture Disease: Techniques, Outcomes and Future Directions Author: Dr Iyama Anslem Chester Abstract: ... Urethral stricture disease is a major cause of bladder outlet obstruction and remains a frequent clinical problem in urological practice worldwide [1,2]. The disorder results from scarring of the urethral mucosa and corpus spongiosum, producing progressive narrowing of the urethral lumen and impaired urinary flow. Patients commonly present with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms including weak urinary stream, straining during voiding, incomplete bladder emptying, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary retention [3]. Historically, treatment strategies relied largely on endoscopic approaches such as urethral dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) [4]. Although these interventions are relatively simple to perform, long‑term effectiveness is limited due to high recurrence rates [5]. Advances in reconstructive urology have shifted treatment paradigms toward definitive surgical reconstruction using urethroplasty techniques [6]. Modern urethroplasty approaches include excision and primary anastomosis for short bulbar strictures and substitution urethroplasty using buccal mucosal grafts for longer strictures [7,8]. These procedures demonstrate superior long‑term success compared with endoscopic management. Keywords: Urethral Stricture, Urethroplasty, Buccal Mucosal Graft, Reconstructive Urology, Internal Urethrotomy. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Removal of U(VI) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Clay from the Bikougou Deposit Author: Solange Davina & Mamboundo Moyoto Abstract: ... The efficiency of the clay from Bikougou deposit (Gabon) as adsorbent for removing U(VI) ions dissolved artificially in aqueous solutions has been studied. Batch experiments have been performed for that by varying pH, U(VI) ions solution concentration, ionic solution strength, clay dosage, interaction duration and temperature. The U(VI) ions uptake per unit mass of clay, increases with the increase in pH (2-7), U(VI) ions solution concentrations and temperature. It decreases with the increase in ionic solution strength and clay dosage. The adsorption isotherm is best described by Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich isotherm model. The kinetics of the adsorption of U(VI) ions on clay surface follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the interaction realized spontaneously is exothermic. The mean values of thermodynamic constants ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° obtained at 308k are respectively-62.54kJ/mol, -0.18kJ/K.mol and -8.68 kJ/mol. Keywords: Adsorption capacity, adsorbent, U(VI) ions solution, isotherm model, distribution constant. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Thermal Regulation of Unexposed Composite Coverings in Jordans Hot Arid Desert Region Author: Sared Darqa, PhD Abstract: ... Thermic performance for any building in hot dry province depend on the external climatic factor, the ability of the construction materials used in gained heat through day time and loss this heat through night time through the nocturnal radiation. Covering is considered the major part of the building envelop which exposed to high thermic load due to the high solar intensity and high outside air temperature through summer which reach to 6 months. In Jordan the thermic effect of covering is increased as one go towards from north to south. This study evaluate the thermic performance of different test rooms with different coverings construction; non-insulated concrete, insulated concrete, double, plant, and active concrete coverings, built under the effect of external climatic condition of very hot and dry province in Jordan (Southern Badya province). The external climatic conditions and the temperature distribution inside the covering construction and the interior air temperature were measured. The results of this study recognized that the thermic transmittance (UValue) has a major role in choosing the built materials. Also the thermic insulation considered the suitable manner for damping the thermic stresses among day time and makes the interior environment of the building near the console zone during most months of the a whole year. Natural night and forced ventilation are more important in improving the internal conditions. The construction covering systems show that the interior air temperature thermic damping reach to 96%, 90%, 89%, and 76% for insulated concrete, double, planted and non-insulated concrete coverings. The results also investigate the importance of using the ground as a cooling source through the active concrete system. Keywords: Thermic insulation, covering, double covering, green covering, shaded covering, building envelope, and thermic console. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Conversion of Sugarcane to Bioethanol in Thailand Author: Faruru Ikrodi Abstract: ... Following Thailand’s policy framework on bioenergy as stipulated in the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP), ethanol use is encouraged and thereby results in increasing cultivation of sugarcane and other ethanol plants. Inadvertently, the use of scarce water resources has increased in tandem. This research aims to assess water footprint (WF) of sugarcane-based bioethanol production in Thailand. The study consists of into two parts, i.e., cultivation and ethanol production processes. The study result shows WF of sugarcane of 226 m3/ton, which consists of green WF of 146 m3/ton, blue WF of 31 m3/ton, and grey WF of 49 m3/ton. Based on the AEDP ethanol production targets of 3, 6.2 and 9 million m3/day by 2011, 2016, and 2022, demand of water is thus anticipated at 18,041; 37,787 and 54,853 million m3/year, respectively. The promotion of ethanol use in such an agricultural country as Thailand is definitely poised to cause the competition for water resources in plant growing for human consumption and energy production. The results of this study can be applied to drawing up the future policy on water and to producing bioethanol in the manner that is the most efficient use of water resources. Keywords: Water footprint, sugarcane, Bioethanol, water resource, Thailand. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Treatment and Remediation of Tannery Wastewater Using Indigenous or Introduced Bacteria Author: Ahmun N., PhD & Dekak U. Abstract: ... The present study aimed to investigate decontamination of tannery wastewater in terms of removal capacity and efficiency using indigenous and/or exogenous bacteria. Wastewater samples were collected from leather tanning factory. Three out of 17 indigenous tannery wastewater plus 3 exogenous bacterial isolates were identified and used in a batch mode remediation process as individual or mixed free living cultures. The tested tannery effluents had extremely high levels of all the tested parameters indicating high pollution potential, dangerous effects on the receiving environments and creating many treatment difficulties. Treatment of the tannery effluent was a function of time and bacterial species. Pseudomonas stutzeri (PS) considered the most while Bacillus sp. (RE12) considered the least efficient in removing all the tested parameters. Removal efficiencies (REs) were significantly and proportionally correlated with time regardless of bacterial species or parameters. However, bulk changes in all parameters were achieved within the first 24 h. The highest removals recorded were 86.7, 94.14%, 79.16, 95.64, 36.33, 93.66 and 44.91% for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fat, oil and grease (FOG), ammonia (NH3), chromium (Cr) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), respectively after only 24 h. On the other hand, total dissolved solids (TDS) and nitrates (NO3) recorded the highest increase (97.68 and 45.87%) after one and 7 days, respectively. Despite the highly efficient removals achieved for the tested parameters, their residual levels were slightly higher than the maximum permissible limits (MPL) for the safe discharge. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use the most promising bacteria in a fixed form to bring the effluent to the safe limits for the environment. Keywords: Bacteria, Chromium, Leather, Nitrogen, Organic Matter, Pollution Control, Tanning Industry, Wastewater. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Severe Environmental Variations Affecting Spermatozoa of Leiognathus equulus in Al-Shabab Lagoon Author: Haranin T. K. (Ph.D) & Majuh C. J. (Ph.D) Abstract: ... The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus was caught from the Red Sea and Al-Shabab lagoon. This study was carried out to investigate the ultra-structural alternations in L. equulus spermatozoa induced by the polluted water of Al-Shabab lagoon. The spermatozoa were of type I, which is typical of species of external fertilization. It appears that each spermatozoon possesses kidney shaped head, mitochondria and underdeveloped middle piece. However, fish caught from Al-shabab lagoon shows variable deformations in sperm including changes in head morphology, malformed mid piece, fusion of head sperm. Keywords: Common ponyfish., Histopathology., Red Sea., Al-Shabab lagoon., Sperm., Ultra structural abnormalities. Show More |
| Number 3 |
Title: Climate Change Awareness Among Farmers in the Kaffrine Region of Senegal Author: Kafee Husethe Abstract: ... Climate change is a global critical issue that threatens the livelihood of most farmers, particularly in the developing countries. This study investigates farmers’ awareness and adaptation to climate change in Kaffrine Region of Senegal. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 204 farmer household heads, selected from nine communities through a multi-stage sampling technique. Additional data was collected from 9 focus group discussions and 8 key informant interviews. The results of the study reveal that 64.7% of the respondents were aware of climatic change with an average awareness index of 0.5903 (59%). This indicates that farmers in the study area are fairly aware of the changing climate. Also, a large number of surveyed farmers representing (90%) responded to the changing climate by employing one or more adaptation strategies such as growing early maturing varieties, crop diversifications, using different planting dates, using chemical fertilizers, practicing crop rotation among others. The study suggests that the government of Senegal should develop more effective climatic change adaptation strategies as well as improve dissemination of information to farmers through extension officers in order to increase adoption of effective climatic change adaptation strategies. It would be crucial that farmers collaborate to form farmer organization to enable them have easy access to farm inputs and training on climate change in order to reduce their vulnerability and increase their resilience to the changing climate. Keywords: Senegal, Climate Change, Climate Change Awareness Index, Adaptation. Show More |