About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2025 Archive
| Number 2 |
Title: Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses: The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice Author: Kim Jing Abstract: ... The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived organizational justice on empowerment, organizational commitment and turnover intention in the hospital nurses in Korea. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by three hundred hospital nurses in general hospital after hearing the purpose of the study. The instruments of the questionnaire consisted of organizational justice, empowerment, organizational commitment, and turnover intention measured by a five point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. Technical statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha, and EFA were done. Findings: The path model was analyzed to evaluate the hypothesis and overall fit measures. The model’s overall fit measures were Χ2 = 122.765, d.f. = 23, p = .000, GFI = .914, AGFI = .832, RMR = .031, NFI = .872, IFI = .893, CFI = .892. Model evaluation measure of overall fit is desirable when GFI, CFI, NFI, and IFI are above .9, AGFI above .8, and RMR below .05. While NFI, IFI, and CFI values in this study were somewhat lower, because RMR, GFI, and AGFI values were high, it was deemed acceptable without a revised model. Organizational justice had a positive direct effect on empowerment (r = .446, p = .004) and organizational commitment (r = .608, p = .004) and a negative direct effect on turnover intention (r = -.357, p = .004). Empowerment had a notable direct effect on organizational commitment (r = .213, p = .007), but no notable direct effect onturnover intention (r = .097, p = .155). Organizational commitment had a negative effect on turnover intention (r = -.381, p = .004). Organizational justice had an indirect effect on organizational commitment and turnover intention. Empowerment, too, had an indirect effect on turnover intention. Organizational justice, followed by organizational commitment, had the most overall effect on turnover intention, and both were negative effects. The coefficient of determination (R2), which explains external and internal variables, was examined. The value of R2 for empowerment was .199 (19.9%), organizational commitment’s R2 was .530 (53%), and turnover intention’s R2 was .407 (40.7%). This study shows that, as the nurses’ perception of organizational justice becomes greater, empowerment and organizational commitment are heightened while turnover intention goes down. Improvements: Therefore, for effective hospital human resources management, nursing organizations and hospital organizations must change the design and system of the organization so that the nurses’ perception of organizational justice will become greater. Keywords: Empowerment, Nurses, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Justice, Turnover Intention. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: A Self-Invented Topsis Method for Choosing Web Sources as External Data Sources for Web Warehousing Author: Dharshama B. Abstract: ... The main objective of the paper to incorporate the external web-data efficiently to web-warehouse, as the evolution of web and the requisite of data analytics necessitate it for effective decision support system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Since the data owned of any organization is insufficient for decision support system. Nevertheless, dynamic and complex nature of web poses various challenges during selection of relevant web-data. So, evaluation of web resources to select as external source for web-warehouse is the crucial phase during warehousing. Various Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches have been used for it. All these approaches evaluate the web resources on the basis of a set of features which define the relevancy of the resource. Findings: The main focus is on one of the approaches of MCDM viz. “Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS) approach and also improvised the TOPSIS approach for efficient evaluation of the web resources. In traditional TOPSIS approach Euclidean distance has been measured to compute the proximity of real web-sources from Ideal web-sources. The Euclidean distance measure only the distances between the real and ideal web-resources but not the differences between them. In order to compute the differences between real and ideal web-resources Kullback-Leibler divergence method has been incorporated in the place of Euclidean distance method. Application/Improvements: The improvised TOPSIS computes symmetric as well as asymmetric distances to compute the differences, so efficient to compute the proximity in order to evaluation of web-resources. Keywords: Improvised TOPSIS, Web-Data, Web-Warehouse, Web-Resources. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Digital Media and the Transformation of Art Teaching and Learning in Contemporary Society Author: Dr. Ugochukwu Kingsley Nwombu Abstract: ... The integration of digital media into contemporary society has significantly transformed art teaching and learning, reshaping pedagogical approaches, creative practices and student engagement. This study critically examines the impact of digital technologies including social media, digital design tools, virtual reality and artificial intelligence on art education. Drawing on recent scholarly literature, the paper adopts a qualitative, theoretical approach grounded in constructivist and post-digital learning theories. It explores how digital media enhances creativity, accessibility, collaboration and interdisciplinary learning, while also presenting challenges such as digital inequality, erosion of traditional skills and concerns about authorship in AI-generated art. The findings reveal that digital media has shifted art education toward a hybrid, learner-centered model that emphasizes innovation, critical thinking and global connectivity. The study concludes that sustainable art education requires a balanced integration of digital and traditional practices, supported by policy reforms, teacher training and curriculum redesign. The study recommends the integration of digital literacy into art education curricula among others. Keywords: Digital Media, Art Education, Digital Pedagogy, Creativity, Visual Culture. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Impact of Traditional Medicine Use on Health Outcomes among Individuals in Taraba State, Nigeria Author: Jellason Yinalabi Anthony, Joel Ugochukwu Nsofor (Ph.D) & Nwosu Chinedu Everest (Ph.D) Abstract: ... This study investigates the impact of traditional medicine use on health outcomes among individuals in Taraba State, Nigeria. The cross-sectional research design was adopted in the study. The target population of this study includes adults in Taraba State aged 18 years and above constituting - 1,967,619. The sample size of the study is 1,110 and was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The multistage sampling technique was applied in this study. The summation of all the responses was presented using frequency distribution tables and simple percentages while the chi-square statistical tool was used to test the hypothesis formulated in the study. With the result the chi-square value of 2346.086a with 3 degrees of freedom and a p-value of 0.000 the alternative hypothesis which states that traditional medicine use is associated with health outcomes among individuals in Taraba State, Nigeria is accepted. The study concludes and recommends that, since traditional medicine improves the health come of individuals in Taraba State, Nigeria, Taraba State government should develop a legal and regulatory framework recognizing traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) as legitimate health providers. Also, professional medical practitioners should encourage referrals between licensed physicians and trained traditional healers for conditions where traditional methods have shown benefits. In addition, traditional medicine healers should call for formal recognition of traditional healing as a valid and essential healthcare practice as well as ensure that any commercialization of herbal remedies includes fair compensation and benefit-sharing for indigenous communities. Keywords: Traditional Medicine Use, Health Outcomes, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Taraba State, Nigeria. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: The Impact of Urbanization and Climate Change on Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria: A Toda-Yamamoto Approach Author: Clement Korgbeelo (Ph.D) & Esther Onegiyeogori Benebo Abstract: ... Beginning from the oil boom of the mid-1970s, the performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector has not been encouraging. Urbanization and climate change are among the variables that affect agricultural production in the country. The study examined the impact of urbanization and climate change on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of urbanization rate, mean annual rainfall, and mean annual temperature on agricultural sector output performance. Annual time-series data for the period 1981 to 2023 were used for the study. The data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin for 2023, the World Bank development indicators and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The analytical techniques used in analysing the data include the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Kwiatkowski-Phillipos-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests, the Johansen cointegration test, and Toda-Yamamoto causality test. The findings revealed that urbanization rate has significant causal effect on agricultural sector output while mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature have no significant causal effect on agricultural sector output. The study concludes that while urbanization significantly improves the performance of the agricultural sector, climate change has no significant impact on the performance of the sector. The study therefore recommends that improved transportation infrastructure that will connect rural agricultural centres to urban markets should be provided while agro-allied industries that will utilize agricultural produce as raw materials should be established in the rural areas. Keywords: Urbanization, Climate-Change, Agriculture, Toda-Yamamoto. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Grassroots Leadership, Followership and Community-driven Development in Rivers State, Nigeria Author: Chibuzor Chile Nwobueze, PhD, fspsp Abstract: ... The focus of this paper is the dynamics of followership, local leadership and community-based development in Rivers State, Nigeria. It examines how institutions of local leadership, traditional monarchy, community development committees (CDCs) and youth associations organize citizens to foster or suppress sustainable development at the community level. The study, based on qualitative evidence gathered through the literature, reveals that successful bottom-up leadership aids mobilization of resources, establishment of trust and participation of people. Challenges such as political interference, inability to have proper accountability arrangements in place and low civic participation have the propensity to undermine development efforts. The paper also captures followership roles and highlights the active and engaged citizens participation role in organizing development results. It concludes that building grassroots leadership capacities and inclusive governance are important in ensuring effective, community-focused development in Rivers State. Local governance, participatory development and social accountability also need to be optimized. Keywords: Grassroots Leadership, Followership, Community-driven Development, Rivers State, Nigeria. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Observing and Evaluating Stakeholders Participation in Implementing Infrastructure Projects in Public Secondary School in Kakamega County, Kenya Author: Steven Jimdy (Ph.D) Abstract: ... The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of monitoring and evaluation of stakeholder participation on implementation of infrastructure projects in public secondary school in Kakamega County, Kenya. The target population was principals, Board of Management chairpersons, Parents Association chairpersons and Sub County Education officers. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling technique were used to select respondents. A sample size of 316 respondents was selected comprising of 101 principals, 101 Board of Management chairpersons, 101 Parents Association chairpersons and 13 Sub County Education officers. Primary data was collected from the respondents’ using questionnaires and interview schedule. Qualitative data was analyzed qualitatively using content analysis based on meanings and implications emanating from respondent’s information. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive statistics consisted of frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics consisted linear and multiple regression analysis. Based on the multiple regression model, the coefficient of determination (R squared) of .392, showing that 39.2% of the variation in monitoring and evaluation was explained by implementation of infrastructure projects. The study concludes that monitoring and evaluation of stakeholder participation, monitoring and evaluation of financial resource, monitoring and evaluation of human capacity, monitoring and evaluation of time allocation and monitoring and evaluation of public accountability had a significant influence on implementation of infrastructure projects in public secondary school in Kakamega County. The study recommended that schools should ensure that all the stakeholders are involved in the M&E of school projects. The study also recommends that there should be clear allocation of finances for M&E, staff hiring, staff training, equipment, environment setting, project supervision and the budgeting of financial resources by stakeholders. Keywords: Monitoring and Evaluation, Stakeholder Participation, Implementation of Infrastructure Projects, Public Secondary Schools, Kakamega County. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Inflation and Health Outcomes in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis Author: Ezekwu, Chika Bright (Ph.D) & Igwe, Anastasia Ukamaka Abstract: ... High inflation leads to higher out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, reduced access to care, and poorer health outcomes. This paper investigated empirically the effect of inflation on health outcomes in Nigeria using annual time series covering a period of 35 years, which is between 1990 and 2024. The study used Under-5 Mortality Rate (UFM), Life Expectancy (LEXP), and Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM) to proxy health outcomes as the dependent variable whereas Inflation (INF), Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC), Government Expenditure on Health (GEH), and Unemployment (UNEMP) were used as the independent variables. were collected from secondary sources and analyzed using descriptive statistics, unit root test, and ECM modeling techniques were adopted for the analysis. The results of the ECM shows that Inflation (INF) increases Under-Five Mortality Rate (UFM); GDP per capita (GDPPC) reduces Under-5 Mortality Rate (UFM); Government Expenditure on Health (GEH) increases Under-Five Mortality Rate (UFM); Unemployment (UNEMP) has no significant effect on Under-5 Mortality Rate (UFM); Inflation (INF) reduces Life Expectancy (LEXP); GDP per capita (GDPPC) reduces Life Expectancy (LEXP); Government Expenditure on Health (GEH) has no significant effect on Life Expectancy (LEXP); Unemployment (UNEMP) reduces Life Expectancy (LEXP); Inflation (INF) increases Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM); GDP per capita (GDPPC) reduces Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM); Government Expenditure on Health (GEH) reduces Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM); and Unemployment (UNEMP) increases Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM) in Nigeria. The study therefore concludes that Inflation (INF) significantly increases Under-5 Mortality Rate (UFM) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MAM, indicating that rising prices may reduce household access to essential healthcare and nutrition for children and also negatively impacts maternal health services in Nigeria within the period of study. The study therefore recommends that Government should implement macroeconomic policies aimed at controlling inflation, such as monetary tightening and fiscal discipline, since inflation significantly increases under-five and maternal mortality rates and reduces life expectancy, stabilizing prices can improve health outcomes. Keywords: Inflation, Health, Health Outcomes, Unit Root Test, Error Correction Model. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Connecting School Environment with the Involvement of Students in Extra-Curricular Activities in Schools in The State of Johor Author: Mansor Hulje (Ph.D) & Kamsu Yatool Abstract: ... This study aims to examine the relationship of school environment with the participation of students in extra-curricular activities in schools in the State of Johor. This quantitative research using survey method through a questionnaire. A total of 225 teachers Advisor co-curricular activities were randomly selected from 21 schools. Survey instruments used in this study may be modified based on the "School-Level Environment Questionnaire" to assess the school environment and the "National Survey of Student Engagement 2011" to measure student involvement in extra-curricular activities. Correlation analysis shows there is a significant relationship (r = 0.294, p = 0.00) between the school environment with the participation of students in extra-curricular activities. The findings indicate that the school environment is a significant factor in improving student involvement in extracurricular activities. Keywords: School Environment, Student Involvement, Curriculum, School. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Digital Satire in Nigeria: A Critical Study of Sabinus and Brain Jotters Comic Skits Author: Eziwho Emenike Azunwo, PhD & Julius Nsirim Akani, PhD Abstract: ... This paper critically examines the creative mechanics and sociocultural significance of Nigerian digital comedy, focusing on Mr. Funny (Sabinus) and Brain Jotter. Anchored in the Incongruity Theory of Humour, the research employs qualitative content analysis to deconstruct selected skits, evaluating how the juxtaposition of incompatible elements generates social commentary. The analysis reveals divergent applications of incongruity: Sabinus utilizes situational irony and exaggerated physicality to personify the "everyman," satirizing socioeconomic precarity through the violation of expectations. Conversely, Brain Jotter employs a deadpan persona, using ironic detachment to critique societal pressures. Both creators leverage indigenous cultural markers to address systemic issues like structural unemployment. Ultimately, the study posits that these comedic interventions serve as vital grassroots discourse, facilitating social reflection through the resolution of logical contradictions. The findings conclude that Sabinus and Brain Jotter are instrumental in redefining the Nigerian creative economy, transforming digital humor into a mechanism for national identity formation and social advocacy. Keywords: Digital Performance, Socio-Cultural Satire, New Media Aesthetics, Nigerian Creative Economy, Narrative Theory, Communicative Resilience. Show More |
| Number 2 |
Title: Non-Traditional Family Structure and the Predominance of Cybercrime Among Teenage Secondary School Students in the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria Author: Dogubo, Blessing Ebi Abstract: ... This study examines non-empirical family structure and the predominance of cybercrime among teenage secondary school students in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study specifically investigated the relationship between parental supervision, parental communication patterns, and cybercrime behaviour among adolescents. The increasing involvement of secondary school students in cyber-related offences has raised concern among educators, parents, and policymakers, making it necessary to understand the family-related factors contributing to this trend. The study adopted a correlational research design to determine the extent of association between the variables without manipulation. The population of the study comprised Senior Secondary School (SS2 and SS3) students in public secondary schools in the South-South geopolitical zone. A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents from the population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Family Structure and Cybercrime Behaviour Questionnaire (FSCBQ). The instrument was validated by experts in educational measurement and criminology, while reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that parental supervision has a strong negative and significant relationship with cybercrime behaviour among teenage secondary school students. Similarly, parental communication patterns were found to have a significant negative relationship with cybercrime behaviour. This implies that increased parental monitoring and effective communication reduce the likelihood of adolescents engaging in cybercrime activities. The study concludes that family structure plays a crucial role in shaping adolescent behaviour in digital environments. The study recommends that parents should strengthen supervision of adolescents’ online activities and improve communication patterns within the home to reduce vulnerability to cybercrime. Schools and policymakers should also integrate parental involvement strategies into cybercrime prevention programs targeting secondary school students. Keywords: Non-Traditional Family Structure, Cybercrime, Parental Supervision, Parental Communication, Secondary School Students, South-South Nigeria. Show More |