About RIK Journals
‘RIK Journals’ are international journals intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Science, Technology, Arts, Management, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science, Education, etc. RIK Journals are...
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| All | Since 2015 | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2400 | 1030 |
| h-index | 962 | 911 |
| i-index | 423 | 261 |
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2024 Archive
| Number 4 |
Title: Impact of Colonization on the Characters Dietary Patterns and Their Conflict at the Table and in the Kitchen Author: Fatemah Bilak (Ph.D) Abstract: ... In The Inheritance of Loss and a House for Mr. Biswas, food might be recognized as an all-important metaphor for self-identification. Food is loaded with meaning about relations, communion, home and identity. In the said texts, food becomes a powerful voice for an emptiness which lives on as a physical craving and a continual sense of discomfort. Identity seems to become physical and instinctive when it comes to food. Interestingly in the postcolonial moment, food appears to lose its capacity for gratification and either acts as a catalyst for evoking disappointment, or a metaphor for self-estrangement that is usually experienced by the displaced subject. This paper aims to show the effects of colonization on the characters’ eating habits and their struggle at dining table and around kitchen. The native is lured into preferring western food over local cuisine so as to cover his colonial inadequacy but most often get deprived of the food that has been satisfying both to his palate and his stomach. Keywords: Food; Identity; Taste; Eating; Gratification; Discomfort; Home; Selfhood. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Inter-Ethnic Relations between the Ogoni and their Annang/Ibibio Neighbours of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria during the Colonial Period, 1900-1960 Author: N-ue, Uebari Samuel (PhD) Abstract: ... Most scholars have expressed their views about colonialism and its impact on intergroup relations on African and Nigerian communities. From the corpus of existing literature, substantial knowledge is now available about the impact of colonialism on inter-ethnic interactions concerning the mega ethnic groups. Yet, its repercussions on the small-scale Polities, such as the Ogoni and their Annang/Ibibio neighbours have never been sufficiently emphasized in the academic domain and accordingly documented. It is against this background that attempt is made in this study to examine and highlight the impact of colonialism on the relations between the Ogoni and their neighbouring communities of Annang/Ibibio in the present Niger Delta region of the South-South Geo-political zone of Nigeria. Utilizing the secondary sources of data collection and the multidisciplinary approach, the paper contends that there had been considerable degree of smooth relations between the Ogoni and their Annang/Ibibio neighbours prior to their contact with the British invader, emphasizing that they did not live in isolation of each other. The study discusses that the imposition of colonial rule on these interacting culture groups created variables which fostered both harmonious and conflictual interactions at various times during the colonial period. The work reveals that colonialism with its paraphernalia like the creation of political administrative unit, establishment of administrative centres like Egwanga, Bori, etc, introduction of western style education and Christianity, etc significantly helped to stimulate and promote more complex webs of contacts in their relations. Paradoxically, the British use of its “divide and rule” policy as exemplified by the creation of separate native treasuries, partial implementation of Laws in the Opobo Division to mention but a few created ethnic jealousy, suspicion, and bad blood that increasingly caused relations between the ethnic politics to become strained. The research uncovers that colonialism never acted as a strong catalyst of discontinuities in the Ogoni-Annang/Ibibio relations, rather it depended and expanded the nature and patterns of the cordial interactions and connections between them. The paper concludes that though, colonialism was a short interlude in the long history of the Ogoni-Annang/Ibibio relations, it remains a watershed in the annals of the history of their inter-ethnic interactions. Keywords: Inter Ethnic, Relations, Colonialism, Ogoni, Annang/Ibibio. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Social Media Usage, Self-Esteem, and Body Image Perception Among Adolescent in Rivers State Author: Patricia Melchizedek Ogonda (Ph.D) Abstract: ... This study investigates the relationship between social media usage, self-esteem, and body image perception among adolescents in Rivers State. The research aimed to determine how social media usage and self-esteem independently and jointly influence adolescents’ perceptions of their bodies. The study adopted a correlational research design, targeting adolescents in public senior secondary schools across the state. A total population of 18,420 adolescents was identified, from which a sample of 392 students was drawn using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire measuring social media usage, self-esteem, and body image perception, with Cronbach’s alpha reliability indices ranging from 0.78 to 0.86. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to examine the relationships between variables, while multiple regression analysis assessed the combined influence of social media usage and self-esteem on body image perception. Findings revealed a significant negative relationship between social media usage and body image perception (r = −0.462, p < 0.05), indicating that higher engagement with social media was associated with poorer body image. A positive and significant relationship was found between self-esteem and body image perception (r = 0.538, p < 0.05), suggesting that adolescents with higher self-esteem reported more positive body image. The regression analysis showed that social media usage and self-esteem jointly explained 41.1% of the variance in body image perception, with social media negatively predicting body image while self-esteem positively predicted it. These findings highlight the interactive role of digital exposure and self-worth in shaping adolescents’ body image. The study concluded that social media usage and self-esteem significantly influence body image perception among adolescents. Recommendations include implementing media literacy programs, enhancing self-esteem through school interventions, and promoting responsible social media use to support positive adolescent development. Keywords: Adolescents, Social Media Usage, Self-Esteem, Body Image Perception, Rivers State. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Examining the Shared Heart Accompaniment Programme of Educations (SHAPE) Best Practice Process Author: Judith J. Orethe (Ph.D) & Nathan Gattherete (Ph.D) Abstract: ... Shared Heart Accompaniment Programme of Education (SHAPE), is an holistic formation plan for undergraduate students in Sacred Heart College. The Salesian System of Education has a unique way of mentoring the young by providing them with profound guidance and direction. In this unique practice every mentor tries to lead their mentees in taking responsibility for their actions andin becoming good citizens of the Nation. The present research was undertaken to study the effectiveness of the programme “SHAPE” as one of the best practices of Sacred Heart College. The study was extended to the second year undergraduate students. The random sampling technique was adopted and 50% of the total population of 1032 students were taken for the study. A scale was developed and the reliability of the instrument was found to be .799 Cronbachs Alpha. From the presented research it was revealed that the programme has catered in making a difference in majority of the students whereby providing them proper academic guidance, enabling them to develop their personality and in making them confident individuals to solve their day to day problems. Keywords: Academic & Career Guidance, Personality Development, Rapport Building and Overall Effectiveness of SHAPE. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Port Harcourt Listeners Perception of Herbal Medicines Commercials on Wazobia FM 94.1, Port Harcourt Author: Michael Ibe Ubaegbu (PhD), Njigwum Hellen & Nwaigwe, Chisaikwo Confidence Abstract: ... This study investigated listeners’ perception of herbal medicines commercials on Wazobia FM 94.1, Port Harcourt. The study aimed to find out listeners’ perceptions of the messages on herbal commercials on Wazobia FM. The study adopted the use and gratification theory (UGT). The research design for this study was the survey design. The population of this study comprises the residents of the Port Harcourt metropolis which is 3,171,076. Meyer’s sample size determination template was applied to take 384 respondents for this study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The study adopted the stratified sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that Wazobia FM 94.1 listeners perceive the messages in alternative (herbal) medicine adverts as very effective. The study also revealed that alternative (herbal) medicines advertised on the radio receive more patronage compared with those not advertised on the radio. Furthermore, the study showed that alternative (herbal) medicines are not as effective as claimed on radio adverts. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends that government agencies should make serious efforts at fully integrating traditional herbal medicine into the modern healthcare delivery system. Also, a standard healthcare regulatory framework that cuts across all boards must be set for all orthodox and herbal medicine medical practitioners. The study concluded that traditional herbal medicine practitioners should embrace the use of scientific standards, so that they can be integrated into the orthodox healthcare system. Keywords: Listeners, Perception, Herbal, Medicines, Commercial, Wazobia FM 94.1. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Enforcing Mortgage Law to Protect Creditors Legal Rights Author: Rachmatu Artemn Abstract: ... The result of this research concludes that the result of the research shows that the legal result of not registering the Deed of Mortgage Rights (APHT) to the credit agreement made by the parties before the Notary / Land Titles Registrar (PPAT) is the creditor having no priority position. Where the form of legal protection that can be given to Creditors as a form of anticipation is not registered APHT is by the signing of the deed of power sell at the time of the credit agreement. The creditors right to the guaranteed item in the case of APHT is not registered i.e. not giving the right to each other over the other creditor. The purpose of the imposition of Mortgage right is in order to provide protection and legal certainty to all parties (especially Creditor) as well as to fulfill the principle of publicity. The grant of this right is intended to provide the preferred position to the creditor concerned (preferred creditors) other than the creditors. As collateral for repayment of Debtors debt to the Creditor in connection with the loan/credit agreement concerned. Deposit Rights will not be born without the registration of APHT. But in practice, there is still some unscrupulous PPAT register APHT to the Land Office for various reasons off course, this will harm the creditors as a lender. Keywords: Legal Protection, Land Deed Officer, mortgage right, APHT, UUPA. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Mangrove Habitat in Selected Crude Oil Exploration Communities in Degema Oilfield Rivers State Author: Barango, S. L. & Naluba, G. N. Abstract: ... The study assessed the physicochemical properties of mangrove habitat in selected crude oil exploration communities in Degema Oilfield Rivers State. The study adopted the true-experimental design on ten (10) sampling points out of which eight (8) soil samples were from the Crude Oil Exploration Site (COES), and two (2) soil samples as the Control were randomly selected. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that the mean: Temp. of 28.26 OC obtained at the COES was higher than the mean Temp. of 28.12 OC at the Control. Also, the result indicated that the mean values of 7.14, 839.30 µS/cm, 248.55 mg/L, 2414.96 mg/L, 1.83 mg/L, 3.56 mg/L, and 38.03 mg/L for pH, EC, salinity, TOC, PO43, SO42, and NO3- respectively obtained at the COES was higher than the mean values of 6.21, 641.37 µS/cm, 158.09 mg/L, 1455.28 mg/L, 1.72 mg/L, 2.65 mg/L, and 23.57 mg/L obtained for pH, EC, salinity, TOC, PO43, SO42, and NO3- respectively obtained at the Control. Hence, the result concluded that there is significant difference in both the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the mangrove habitat in the sampled communities around the Degema oilfield. The study recommended that regulatory agencies like Nigeria National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) and National Oil Spill and Detection Response Agency (NOSDRA) should strengthen their monitoring of the operations of both indigenous and multinational Oil Companies in order to prevent the haphazard release of untreated effluents and spill of chemicals containing varying levels of salinity, organic content, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate that can pollute the soil and eventually degrade inherent mangrove plants in the environment. Keywords: Physicochemical Properties, Mangrove Habitats, Crude Oil Exploration, Degema Oilfield. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Improving the Financial Results of Pakistani Corporate Companies Author: Fared Hassani U. (Ph.D) Abstract: ... This study works to examine the working capital factors that may enhance economic performance of corporate firms in Pakistan. This performance is measured by sales and accounts payable in days, accounts receivable in days, inventory turnover in days and cash conversion cycle represents working capital. The study is conducted on 64 non-financial firms listed on Karachi stock Exchange for a period of 12 years, from 2003 to 2014. Account receivables and payables along with cash conversion cycle have significant positive relationship with performance of firms. Inventory turnover has a significant negative relationship with sales. The result of this study shows that the role of managing working capital is vital for firms. If account receivable in days and accounts payable in days are increased, it will lead to increased sales of the firms. The study shows that if management can master the art of efficiently managing the working capital and keep it at optimum level, they will enhance the economic performance of the firm. Keywords: Working Capital Cycle; Cash Conversion Cycle; Economic performance. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: The Role of Social Science Disciplines and The Challenges of Sustainable National Development in Nigeria Author: Poronakie, Nwiekpugi Bright (PhD); Ihejirika, Happiness (PhD) & Adodo, Thomas Junior Abstract: ... This paper examines the characteristic features of Nigeria’s present situation in the light of social science knowledge and utilization, particularly how social scientists responded to societal problems so as to ensure a crime-free nation, and sustainable national development in her space-economy. The analyses revealed that the application of appropriate and improved social science knowledge to societal problems is not only an asset to the challenges but also an engine of sustainable national development in the country. This implies that social science practitioners (Social Scientists) function not only as mediators between social crises to ensure peaceful co-existence of human race and places but also designing workable public policies, creating awareness about societal issues and playing advisory roles to both the government and the general public which have sustained the integrity and unity in such a pluralistic nation with diverse cultural heritage. In essence, these challenges provide the opportunity for social scientists to demonstrate their worth to the academic community, government and the public that they have the necessary skills and concepts to contribute effectively to the solutions of some of the major social and environmental problems facing society that foreshadow doom on the economic development of Nigeria. However, these contributions are obliterated as challenges like social crises, terrorism, militancy, religious fundamentalism, suicide bombing, kidnappings, rapings, killings etc. have persisted in the face of mass unemployment, poverty, inequality, high rate of insecurity and failed national and global governance. Social scientists whose laboratory is the society still have a lot more to do by saving the nation from total collapse including the development of appropriate local strategies to confront, circumvent and scale any challenges through properly managed crises-generating sources and processes. This involves appropriate institutional structures put in place which advocate equity development for the benefits of nationhood, unity in diversity and positive change in the country’s educational system particularly in power relation with the research process aimed at deconstructing social science knowledge facing alienation, disempowerment and disenfranchised Nigerian citizens. The paper thus recommends adequate provision of infrastructural facilities and resource personnels in all schools to ensure quality education in Nigeria, review of Social Sciences curriculum, encourage regular researches in social science disciplines, establishment of counselling units in all schools, re-activate all empowerment programmes/income-generating facilities in Nigeria and adoption of electronic voting system in the country for electing credible leaders with large heart. Keywords: Social science knowledge, social scientists, challenges, sustainable national development, Nigeria. Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Nutritional Benefits and Problems of Complementary Alternative Medicine Author: Zilla Hithuru (Ph.D) Abstract: ... Treatment for illnesses was the main purpose for CAM use and musculoskeletal problems were the main health complaints. Fewer side effects were also cited as the main reason for patient use of CAM. In addition, average scores for nutritional knowledge (52%) and practices (65.8%) among CAM users were at nominally satisfactory levels while nutrition attitudes scored higher (73.9%). Women showed greater nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices and thus, scored higher than men: (p0.05). There does, however, appear to be positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and attitudes (r=0.496, p Show More |
| Number 4 |
Title: Oil Spills Compensation Politics and Intra-Communal Conflict in Bodo, Gokana, Niger Delta, Nigeria: Insights from Resource Curse and Frustration-Aggression Theories Author: Barigbon, Christopher Barisi, Ph.D Abstract: ... This study examines how oil spills and compensation politics generated intra-communal conflict in Bodo community in Gokana Local Government Area between 2007 and 2022. The central problem addressed is that poor governance of natural resources has produced more adverse consequences than benefits for oil-bearing communities in the Niger Delta. To guide the study, four research objectives and corresponding research questions were formulated. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory as its theoretical framework. Methodologically, the research employed an ex-post facto and survey research design. Both primary and secondary data were utilised. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced through relevant literature. Data were analysed using simple percentages and content analysis. The findings revealed, among other things, that massive oil spills occurred in Bodo in 2008 and 2009, which destroyed the primary sources of livelihood of the people. The study further found that compensation for the actual victims of the oil spills was inadequate and inequitably distributed, as payments largely favoured traditional chiefs. This pattern of compensation politics triggered intra-communal conflict, resulting in violence, loss of lives, and destruction of property. Based on these findings, the study recommends the regular replacement and maintenance of oil infrastructure, the provision of sustainable livelihood support, fair compensation for genuine victims of oil spills, and the establishment of an effective, efficient, and transparent natural resource governance system as a pathway to addressing oil spill–induced communal conflicts in the Niger Delta. Keywords: Oil Spills, Compensation Politics, Intra-Communal Conflict, Resource Curse, Frustration-Aggression. Show More |